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HTML Introduction

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HTML is a markup language for building Web pages.

What is HTML?

  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is the standard markup language for building Web pages across internet
  • HTML describes the structure of a Web page
  • HTML consists of a series of tags and elements
  • HTML elements instruct the browser how to display a Web Page

A Simple HTML Document

Example Explained

  • The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration tells us and browser that this document is an HTML document
  • The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page or document
  • The <head> element contains meta tags , cdn and link files of the HTML page
  • The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
  • The <body> element defines the main part of the html document, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
  • The <h1>this tag creates a large heading
  • The <p> this tag creates a paragraph

What are HTML Elements?

An HTML element includes everything between its opening tag and closing tag.

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none

Note: Certain HTML elements, such as the <br> element, don't contain any content. These elements are known as empty elements. Unlike other elements, empty elements don't have an end tag.

Web Browsers

A web browser (such as Chrome, Edge, Firefox, or Safari) is designed to read HTML documents and show them accurately.

A web browser doesn't show the HTML tags, but it relies on them to figure out how to show the webpage.

View in Browser

Note: The information within the <body> section appears on a web browser. The content inside the <title> element is visible either on the browser's title bar or in the tab for the page.

HTML History

From the beginning of the internet, various versions of HTML have evolved.

Year Version
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993 Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995 HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997 HTML 3.2
1999 HTML 4.01
2000 XHTML 1.0
2008 WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012 WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014 HTML5
2016 HTML 5.1
2017 HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017 HTML5.2

This guide follows the latest HTML5 standard.
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